Schwannoma is the most common lesion in the cerebellopontine angle. Though there may be a permanent vestibular disturbance, the symptom of vertigo is never permanent as the central nervous system adapts over days to weeks. Asymmetry may result from damage or dysfunction in the peripheral system, such as the vestibular labyrinth or vestibular nerve or a central disturbance in the brainstem or cerebellum. ДЄsymmetry in the vestibular system accounts for the symptom of vertigo. Medications that have been associated with vertigo include anticonvulsants such as phenytoin and salicylates. These include medication-induced vertigo and psychologic disorders, including mood, anxiety, and somatization. BPPV is a common peripheral cause of vertigo in patients with multiple sclerosis. Centrally, multiple sclerosis can cause vertigo with the development ofВ demyelinating plaques in the vestibular pathways. They are characterized by unilateral headaches associated with other symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia.В Finally, multiple sclerosis has been associated with both central and peripheral causes of vertigo. Vestibular migraines are a common central cause of vertigo. Examples of such tumors include a brainstem glioma, medulloblastoma, and a vestibular schwannoma, which can lead to sensorineural hearing loss as well as vertiginous symptoms. Other more serious central causes include tumors, particularly those arising from the cerebellopontine angle. Ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, particularly involving the cerebellum or vertebrobasilar system, are life-threatening and must be ruled out by history, physical and other diagnostic tests if warranted. Д¬entral etiologies of vertigo should always be considered in the differential. A perilymphatic fistula is another less common cause of peripheral vertigo andВ results from trauma. Otosclerosis is characterized by abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear, which leads to conductive hearing loss and may affect the cochlea, also causing tinnitus and vertigo. Cholesteatomas most often involve the middle ear and mastoid. Cholesteatomas are cyst-like lesions filled with keratin debris. Less common peripheral causes include cholesteatoma, otosclerosis, and a perilymphatic fistula. The facial nerve is often involved as well, resulting inВ facial paralysis. In Ramsay Hunt syndrome, vertigo results from reactivation of latent Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the geniculate ganglion leading toВ inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Another viral-induced cause of vertigo includes Herpes zoster oticus, also known as Ramsay Hunt syndrome. BothВ arise from inflammation, often caused by a viral infection. Two additional distinct causes of peripheral vertigo include acute labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis. Symptoms ofВ MГ©niГЁre diseaseВ result from an increased volume of endolymph in the semicircular canals. Unlike BPPV, the patients with MГ©niГЁre disease often experience tinnitus, hearing loss, and aural fullness in addition to vertigo.В Endolymphatic hydrops isВ a distinct pathologic feature ofВ MГ©niГЁre disease. BPPVВ results fromВ calcium deposits or debrisВ in the posterior semicircular canalВ and causes frequent transient episodes of vertigo lasting a few minutes or less. Peripheral etiologiesВ include the more common causes of vertigo, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and MГ©niГЁre disease. Vertigo is most often caused by a dysfunction in the vestibular system from a peripheral or central lesion.

Causes of vertigo in women